Chapter 4 · Unit 1 · pp. 14–15

First peoples and New France

Canada's History

Aboriginal peoples p. 14

Explorers thought they had reached the East Indies. The name came from a mistake about where the explorers had landed. p. 14
The Sioux. The Sioux were nomadic and followed the bison. p. 14
As farmers and hunters. The Huron-Wendat, like the Iroquois, farmed and hunted. p. 14
By drying and smoking it. West Coast peoples dried and smoked fish to preserve it. p. 14
They had no immunity to European diseases. Many died of European diseases to which they had no immunity. p. 14
Strong economic, religious and military bonds. These bonds laid the foundations of Canada. p. 14

Vikings from Iceland. Vikings from Iceland who settled Greenland also reached Labrador and Newfoundland. p. 14
L'Anse aux Meadows. The remains at L'Anse aux Meadows are a World Heritage site. p. 14
John Cabot. John Cabot's 1497 expedition produced the first map of the East Coast. p. 14
King Francis I of France. Cartier claimed the land for King Francis I of France. p. 14
The Iroquoian word kanata, meaning village. Cartier heard guides use the Iroquoian word kanata, which means village. p. 14
An Italian immigrant to England. Cabot, an Italian who moved to England, claimed land for England. p. 14

Pierre de Monts and Samuel de Champlain. De Monts and Champlain set up the settlement, first on St. Croix Island and then at Port-Royal. p. 15
1608. Champlain built his fortress at Québec in 1608. p. 15
1701. After a century of conflict, the French and Iroquois made peace in 1701. p. 15
European demand for beaver pelts. The fur trade was driven by demand in Europe for beaver pelts. p. 15
King Charles II of England. In 1670 King Charles II granted the Company exclusive trading rights. p. 15
Fur traders who travelled by canoe. These skilled canoe travellers traded furs and formed alliances with First Nations. p. 15

1759. The British victory at Québec City in 1759 ended France's empire in America. p. 15
James Wolfe and the Marquis de Montcalm. Both commanders, Wolfe and Montcalm, died leading their troops. p. 15
The Province of Quebec. After the conquest, Britain called the colony the Province of Quebec. p. 15
Habitants or Canadiens. They were known as habitants or Canadiens. p. 15
The end of France's empire in America. The 1759 battle at Québec City ended France's empire in America. p. 15
English colonies on the Atlantic coast. English colonies dating from the early 1600s grew richer and larger than New France. p. 15

Gave Catholics religious freedom and public office. The Quebec Act gave Catholics religious freedom and allowed them to hold public office. p. 15
Restored French civil law and kept British criminal law. The Act brought back French civil law but kept British criminal law. p. 15
It was not then allowed in Britain. Catholics could hold office in Quebec before they could in Britain. p. 15

Discover Canada, pp. 14–15. MapleQuiz summary, not official text. Read this chapter on canada.ca