Chapter 4 · Unit 4 · pp. 18–20

Confederation and the West

Canada's History

Confederation / Dominion from Sea to Sea p. 18

July 1, 1867. The Dominion of Canada was born on July 1, 1867. p. 18
Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. Ontario and Quebec joined New Brunswick and Nova Scotia to form the new country. p. 18
Dominion Day. July 1 was Dominion Day until 1982; it is now Canada Day. p. 18
Sir Leonard Tilley. Leonard Tilley, a Father of Confederation from New Brunswick, proposed the term. p. 18
Psalm 72 in the Bible. Tilley took the idea from Psalm 72, which speaks of dominion from sea to sea. p. 18
The Province of Canada, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. With British support, these three colonies' representatives became the Fathers of Confederation. p. 18

Sir John A. Macdonald. Sir John A. Macdonald became the first Prime Minister in 1867. p. 19
Sir John A. Macdonald. Macdonald's portrait appears on the $10 bill. p. 19
January 11. Parliament recognized Macdonald's birthday, January 11, as Sir John A. Macdonald Day. p. 19
In Scotland, on January 11, 1815. Macdonald was born in Scotland and came to Upper Canada as a child. p. 19
A lawyer in Kingston. Macdonald was a lawyer in Kingston, Ontario. p. 19

1870. Manitoba joined in 1870, along with the Northwest Territories. p. 19
1871. British Columbia joined in 1871. p. 19
Newfoundland and Labrador, in 1949. Newfoundland and Labrador joined in 1949; Nunavut (1999) is a territory, not a province. p. 19
1873. P.E.I. joined in 1873. p. 19
1905. Alberta and Saskatchewan both joined in 1905. p. 19
1898. Yukon Territory was created in 1898. p. 19

Louis Riel. Louis Riel led the uprising and seized Fort Garry. p. 19
Sir John A. Macdonald. Macdonald set up the NWMP after the first Métis uprising. p. 19
The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP). The NWMP became the RCMP, Canada's national police force. p. 19
Sir George-Étienne Cartier. Cartier led Quebec into Confederation and helped bring in the West and B.C. p. 19
12,000. The 12,000 Métis of Red River were not consulted in 1869. p. 19
He was tried and executed for high treason. Riel's execution was strongly opposed in Quebec; many see him as the father of Manitoba. p. 19

Ottawa promised a railway reaching the West Coast. B.C. joined in 1871 after the promise of a railway to the coast. p. 20
1885. The CPR was completed on November 7, 1885. p. 20
A race-based fee on Chinese immigrants. After the railway was built, Chinese immigrants faced discrimination including the Head Tax. p. 20
Sir Wilfrid Laurier. Laurier, the first French-Canadian prime minister since Confederation, encouraged settlement of the West. p. 20
Donald Smith (Lord Strathcona). Donald Smith, the Scottish-born CPR director, drove the last spike. p. 20
2006. Ottawa apologized for this discriminatory policy in 2006. p. 20

Discover Canada, pp. 18–20. MapleQuiz summary, not official text. Read this chapter on canada.ca